Galatia 1:2

1:2 and all the brothers with me, to the churches of Galatia.

Galatia 1:7

1:7 not that there really is another gospel, ¹  but ²  there are some who are disturbing you and wanting ³  to distort the gospel of Christ.

Galatia 2:6

2:6 But from those who were influential ⁴  (whatever they were makes no difference to me; God shows no favoritism between people ⁵ ) – those influential leaders ⁶  added ⁷  nothing to my message. ⁸ 

Galatia 2:9

2:9 and when James, Cephas, ⁹  and John, who had a reputation as ¹⁰  pillars, ¹¹  recognized ¹²  the grace that had been given to me, they gave to Barnabas and me ¹³  the right hand of fellowship, agreeing ¹⁴  that we would go to the Gentiles and they to the circumcised. ¹⁵ 

Galatia 2:13

2:13 And the rest of the Jews also joined with him in this hypocrisy, so that even Barnabas was led astray with them ¹⁶  by their hypocrisy.

Galatia 3:7

3:7 so then, understand ¹⁷  that those who believe are the sons of Abraham. ¹⁸ 

Galatia 3:9

3:9 So then those who believe ¹⁹  are blessed along with Abraham the believer.

Galatia 4:21

An Appeal from Allegory

4:21 Tell me, you who want to be under the law, do you not understand the law? ²⁰ 

Galatia 5:12

5:12 I wish those agitators ²¹  would go so far as to ²²  castrate themselves! ²³ 

Galatia 5:21

5:21 envying, ²⁴  murder, ²⁵  drunkenness, carousing, ²⁶  and similar things. I am warning you, as I had warned you before: Those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God!

Galatia 5:24

5:24 Now those who belong to Christ ²⁷  have crucified the flesh ²⁸  with its passions ²⁹  and desires.

Galatia 6:1

Support One Another

6:1 Brothers and sisters, ³⁰  if a person ³¹  is discovered in some sin, ³²  you who are spiritual ³³  restore such a person in a spirit of gentleness. ³⁴  Pay close attention ³⁵  to yourselves, so that you are not tempted too.

Galatia 6:13

6:13 For those who are circumcised do not obey the law themselves, but they want you to be circumcised so that they can boast about your flesh. ³⁶ 

[1:7]  ¹ tn Grk “which is not another,” but this could be misunderstood to mean “which is not really different.” In fact, as Paul goes on to make clear, there is no other gospel than the one he preaches.

[1:7]  ² tn Grk “except.”

[1:7]  ³ tn Or “trying.”

[2:6]  ⁴ tn Or “influential leaders.” BDAG 255 s.v. δοκέω 2.a.β has “the influential men Gal 2:2, 6b. A fuller expr. w. the same mng., w. inf. added…vss. 6a, 9.” This refers to the leadership of the Jerusalem church.

[2:6]  ⁵ tn Grk “God does not receive the face of man,” an idiom for showing favoritism or partiality (BDAG 887-88 s.v. πρόσωπον 1.b.α; L&N 88.238).

[2:6]  ⁶ tn Or “influential people”; here “leaders” was used rather than “people” for stylistic reasons, to avoid redundancy with the word “people” in the previous parenthetical remark. See also the note on the word “influential” at the beginning of this verse.

[2:6]  ⁷ tn Or “contributed.” This is the same word translated “go to ask advice from” in 1:16, but it has a different meaning here; see L&N 59.72.

[2:6]  ⁸ tn Or “added nothing to my authority.” Grk “added nothing to me,” with what was added (“message,” etc.) implied.

[2:9]  ⁹ sn Cephas. This individual is generally identified with the Apostle Peter (L&N 93.211).

[2:9]  ¹⁰ tn Or “who were influential as,” or “who were reputed to be.” See also the note on the word “influential” in 2:6.

[2:9]  ¹¹ sn Pillars is figurative here for those like James, Peter, and John who were leaders in the Jerusalem church.

[2:9]  ¹² tn The participle γνόντες (gnontes) has been taken temporally. It is structurally parallel to the participle translated “when they saw” in v. 7.

[2:9]  ¹³ tn Grk “me and Barnabas.”

[2:9]  ¹⁴ tn Grk “so,” with the ἵνα (Jina) indicating the result of the “pillars” extending the “right hand of fellowship,” but the translation “they gave…the right hand of fellowship so that we would go” could be misunderstood as purpose here. The implication of the scene is that an agreement, outlined at the end of v. 10, was reached between Paul and Barnabas on the one hand and the “pillars” of the Jerusalem church on the other.

[2:9]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “to the circumcision,” a collective reference to the Jewish people.

[2:13]  ¹⁶ tn The words “with them” are a reflection of the σύν- (sun-) prefix on the verb συναπήχθη (sunaphcqh; see L&N 31.76).

[3:7]  ¹⁷ tn Grk “know.”

[3:7]  ¹⁸ tn The phrase “sons of Abraham” is used here in a figurative sense to describe people who are connected to a personality, Abraham, by close nonmaterial ties. It is this personality that has defined the relationship and its characteristics (BDAG 1024-25 s.v. υἱός 2.c.α).

[3:9]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “those who are by faith,” with the Greek expression “by faith” (ἐκ πίστεως, ek pistew") the same as the expression in v. 8.

[4:21]  ²⁰ tn Or “will you not hear what the law says?” The Greek verb ἀκούω (akouw) means “hear, listen to,” but by figurative extension it can also mean “obey.” It can also refer to the process of comprehension that follows hearing, and that sense fits the context well here.

[5:12]  ²¹ tn Grk “the ones who are upsetting you.” The same verb is used in Acts 21:38 to refer to a person who incited a revolt. Paul could be alluding indirectly to the fact that his opponents are inciting the Galatians to rebel against his teaching with regard to circumcision and the law.

[5:12]  ²² tn Grk “would even.”

[5:12]  ²³ tn Or “make eunuchs of themselves”; Grk “cut themselves off.” This statement is rhetorical hyperbole on Paul’s part. It does strongly suggest, however, that Paul’s adversaries in this case (“those agitators”) were men. Some interpreters (notably Erasmus and the Reformers) have attempted to soften the meaning to a figurative “separate themselves” (meaning the opponents would withdraw from fellowship) but such an understanding dramatically weakens the rhetorical force of Paul’s argument. Although it has been argued that such an act of emasculation would be unthinkable for Paul, it must be noted that Paul’s statement is one of biting sarcasm, obviously not meant to be taken literally. See further G. Stählin, TDNT 3:853-55.

[5:21]  ²⁴ tn This term is plural in Greek (as is “murder” and “carousing”), but for clarity these abstract nouns have been translated as singular.

[5:21]  ²⁵ tc ‡ φόνοι (fonoi, “murders”) is absent in such important mss as Ì⁴⁶ א B 33 81 323 945 pc sa, while the majority of mss (A C D F G Ψ 0122 0278 1739 1881 Ï lat) have the word. Although the pedigree of the mss which lack the term is of the highest degree, homoioteleuton may well explain the shorter reading. The preceding word has merely one letter difference, making it quite possible to overlook this term (φθόνοι φόνοι, fqonoi fonoi).

[5:21]  ²⁶ tn Or “revelings,” “orgies” (L&N 88.287).

[5:24]  ²⁷ tc ‡ Some mss (א A B C P Ψ 0122¹ 0278 33 1175 1739 pc co) read “Christ Jesus” here, while many significant ones (Ì⁴⁶ D F G 0122*^,2 latt sy), as well as the Byzantine text, lack “Jesus.” The Byzantine text is especially not prone to omit the name “Jesus”; that it does so here argues for the authenticity of the shorter reading (for similar instances of probably authentic Byzantine shorter readings, see Matt 24:36 and Phil 1:14; cf. also W.-H. J. Wu, “A Systematic Analysis of the Shorter Readings in the Byzantine Text of the Synoptic Gospels” [Ph.D. diss., Dallas Theological Seminary, 2002]). On the strength of the alignment of Ì⁴⁶ with the Western and Byzantine texttypes, the shorter reading is preferred. NA²⁷ includes the word in brackets, indicating doubts as to its authenticity.

[5:24]  ²⁸ tn See the note on the word “flesh” in Gal 5:13.

[5:24]  ²⁹ tn The Greek term παθήμασιν (paqhmasin, translated “passions”) refers to strong physical desires, especially of a sexual nature (L&N 25.30).

[6:1]  ³⁰ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:11.

[6:1]  ³¹ tn Here ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used in a generic sense, referring to both men and women.

[6:1]  ³² tn Or “some transgression” (L&N 88.297).

[6:1]  ³³ sn Who are spiritual refers to people who are controlled and directed by God’s Spirit.

[6:1]  ³⁴ tn Or “with a gentle spirit” or “gently.”

[6:1]  ³⁵ tn Grk “taking careful notice.”

[6:13]  ³⁶ tn Or “boast about you in external matters,” “in the outward rite” (cf. v. 12).